Which of the following terms is associated with the loss of trap seals?

The term associated with the loss of trap seals is siphonage. A trap seal is the water that is held in the curved portion of a plumbing trap, which serves to prevent sewer gases from entering the living space. Siphonage occurs when a negative pressure (or vacuum) is created in the drainage piping system. This negative pressure can draw the water out of the trap, leading to a broken seal.

Siphonage typically happens when fixtures on the same drainage system are flushed or drained simultaneously, resulting in a drop in water levels due to the rapid flow of water causing suction. Hence, understanding siphonage is critical for plumbing design and maintenance, as it helps in preventing the loss of trap seals that can result in unpleasant odors and hazardous gases entering the home.

Other concepts such as back pressure and evaporation do relate to plumbing systems, but they do not specifically involve the mechanism of losing trap seals. Back pressure refers to the pressure exerted by fluids in the drainage system, whereas evaporation relates to water loss in open traps over time, not the immediate action of drawing the water out during drainage events. Capillary action, while relevant in fluid dynamics, does not directly cause the loss of trap seals in plumbing applications.