What is the correct formula to determine offset advance for fittings at a 45-degree angle?

The correct formula to determine the offset advance for fittings at a 45-degree angle is derived from basic trigonometry principles. In the case of a 45-degree angle, the lengths of the sides of the formed right triangle are equal, and therefore, the advance can be calculated using the cosine of the angle.

At a 45-degree angle, the cosine value is approximately 0.707. Hence, when calculating the advance based on the travel distance — which is the total horizontal or vertical distance covered — multiplying this travel distance by 0.707 provides the correct horizontal or vertical advance created by the fitting. This is why the formula travel x 0.707 accurately reflects how to calculate the offset advance for plumbing installations using 45-degree fittings.

This method allows plumbers to achieve precise alignments and measurements when setting up piping systems, ensuring both functional and aesthetic standards are met. Understanding this relationship is crucial for effective plumbing design and installation.